|
''Not to be confused with Gahanna''. Gehenna (; ), from the Hebrew Gehinnom (Rabbinical: /), are terms derived from a place outside ancient Jerusalem known in the Hebrew Bible as the Valley of the Son of Hinnom (Hebrew: or , Gai Ben-Hinnom). The Valley of Hinnom in today's common use, whether it corresponds to the old biblical meaning or not, is the name used for the valley surrounding Jerusalem's Old City, including Mount Zion, from the west and south. It meets and merges with the Kidron Valley, the other one of the principal valleys around the Old City, near the southeastern corner of the city. In the Hebrew Bible, Gehenna was initially where apostate Israelites and followers of various Ba'als and other Canaanite gods, including Moloch (or Molech), sacrificed their children by fire (, ). Thereafter it was deemed to be cursed (, ).〔(Jewish Encyclopedia: Gehenna ): "The place where children were sacrificed to the god Moloch was originally in the "valley of the son of Hinnom," to the south of Jerusalem (Josh. xv. 8, passim; II Kings xxiii. 10; Jer. ii. 23; vii. 31-32; xix. 6, 13-14). For this reason the valley was deemed to be accursed, and "Gehenna" therefore soon became a figurative equivalent for "hell.""〕 In Jewish Rabbinic literature, and Christian and Islamic scripture, Gehenna is a destination of the wicked.〔(Catholic Encyclopedia: Hell ): "However, in the New Testament the term Gehenna is used more frequently in preference to hades, as a name for the place of punishment of the damned. ... held in abomination by the Jews, who, accordingly, used the name of this valley to designate the abode of the damned (Targ. Jon., Gen., iii, 24; Henoch, c. xxvi). And Christ adopted this usage of the term." (Jewish Encyclopedia: Gehenna: Sin and Merit ): "It is frequently said that certain sins will lead man into Gehenna. The name "Gehenna" itself is explained to mean that unchastity will lead to Gehenna (; 'Er. 19a); so also will adultery, idolatry, pride, mockery, hypocrisy, anger, etc. (Soṭah 4b, 41b; Ta'an. 5a; B. B. 10b, 78b; 'Ab. Zarah 18b; Ned. 22a)."〕 This is different from the more neutral Sheol/Hades, the abode of the dead, although the King James Version of the Bible usually translates both with the Anglo-Saxon word Hell. In the King James Version of the Bible, the term appears 13 times in 11 different verses as "Valley of Hinnom", "Valley of the son of Hinnom" or "Valley of the children of Hinnom." ==Etymology== English "Gehenna" represents the Greek ''Ge'enna'' () found in the New Testament, a phonetic transcription of Aramaic ''Gēhannā'' (ܓܗܢܐ), equivalent to the Hebrew ''Ge Hinnom'', literally "Valley of Hinnom". This was known in the Old Testament as ''Gai Ben-Hinnom'', literally the "Valley of the son of Hinnom", and in the Talmud as ''Gehinnam'' or ''Gehinnom''. Citation: In the New American Standard Bible, Joshua 15:8 (see below) notes, "Then the border went up the valley of Ben-Hinnom (גֵּיא בֶן־הִנֹּם) ("Gai ben Hinnom") to the slope of the Jebusite on the south (that is, Jerusalem); and the border went up to the top of the mountain which is before the valley of Hinnom to the west, which is at the end of the valley of Rephaim toward the north." Joshua is describing the boundaries of the tribe of Judah. Keil and Delitzsch note in their Commentary on the Old Testament,〔http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/cmt/kad/jos015.htm〕 "It (the boundary of the tribe of Judah) then went up into the more elevated valley of Ben-Hinnom, on the south side of the Jebusite town, i.e., Jerusalem (see at Jos 10:1), and still farther up to the top of the mountain which rises on the west of the valley of Ben-Hinnom, and at the farthest extremity of the plain of Rephaim towards the north. The valley of Ben-Hinnom, or Ben-Hinnom (the son or sons of Hinnom), on the south side of Mount Zion, a place which was notorious from the time of Ahaz as the seat of the worship of Moloch (Kg2 23:10; Ch2 28:3; Ch2 33:6; Jer 7:31, etc.), is supposed there, but of whom nothing further is known (see Robinson, Pal. i. pp. 402ff.)." This reference in Joshua is the first mention in the Old Testament of this "Valley of the Sons of Hinnom." This valley, as Keil and Delitzsch note, is "on the south side of the Jebusite town, i.e., Jerusalem." This valley is mentioned five times in the Book of Jeremiah (7:31,32 19:2,6 32:35) as the place in which the people would "burn their sons and daughters in the fire" as part of the worship of Moloch as noted by Keil and Delitzsch.〔 In the Qur'an, ''Jahannam'' (جهنم) is a place of torment for sinners and non-believers, or the Islamic equivalent of Hell.〔Cyril Glassé, translated Huston Smith ''The new encyclopedia of Islam'' 2003 p175 "Hell. The place of torment where the damned undergo suffering most often described as fire, a fire whose fuel is stones and men. Names of hell used in the Koran are An-Nar ("the fire"), Jahannam ("Gehenna"), .."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gehenna」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|